Mexico

Presidential succession (1990–present)

Rows highlighted FSP mark presidents from a Foro de São Paulo member/affiliated party.

Legislative composition

Seats by party for recent elections, and whether the governing coalition held a majority. In a fragmented system a governing majority is assembled across several parties — no party governs alone; a coalition majority is not a single-party majority. Each bar orders blocs left→right with a marker at the majority line.

FSP member parties (highlighted FSP): Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (MORENA), Partido del Trabajo (PT), Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD). Mexico's FSP members are MORENA (which joined around 2015 and led the 2018 turn to power), the Partido del Trabajo (PT), and the older Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) — the party Andrés Manuel López Obrador belonged to before founding MORENA. By 2024 the PRD had collapsed: it ran with the PAN/PRI-led opposition, won a single deputy, and lost its national registration. In government MORENA and the PT sit together; the coalition's supermajority relied on the non-FSP Partido Verde (PVEM).

2024 — Cámara de Diputados (500 seats; majority = 251)

FSP member parties in government: 287 of 500 (57%) — a majority on their own. The FSP bloc holds a majority in this chamber in its own right. A further 1 FSP-listed seat sat with the opposition.

Government: Claudia Sheinbaum (MORENA) — commanded a working majority. FSP party in government: yes. MORENA and the PT — both FSP members — together hold 287 of 500 seats, a majority in their own right. The full 'Sigamos Haciendo Historia' coalition (adding the non-FSP PVEM, 364 seats) reached the two-thirds supermajority needed to amend the constitution without the opposition. Note the historically FSP-listed PRD ran with the opposition here and won a single seat before losing its registration. (source 1, source 2)

2024 — Senado (128 seats; majority = 65)

FSP member parties in government: 69 of 128 (54%) — a majority on their own. The FSP bloc holds a majority in this chamber in its own right. A further 2 FSP-listed seats sat with the opposition.

Government: Claudia Sheinbaum (MORENA) — commanded a working majority. FSP party in government: yes. MORENA and the PT (both FSP members) hold 69 of 128 Senate seats on their own; with PVEM the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition holds 83 — three short of the 86-seat two-thirds supermajority at the election, which it approached only through later realignments. Every seat is held by a party (there are no independent senators). Election-night tallies reported 82 before the final proportional-representation allocation lifted the PT to 9; a minority of sources record PRI 17 / MC 4 instead of the PRI 16 / MC 5 shown, but all tallies put the governing coalition at 83. (source 1, source 2, source 3, source 4)

2018 — Cámara de Diputados (500 seats; majority = 251)

FSP member parties in government: 252 of 500 (50%) — a majority on their own. The FSP bloc holds a majority in this chamber in its own right. A further 21 FSP-listed seats sat with the opposition.

Government: Andrés Manuel López Obrador (MORENA) — commanded a working majority. FSP party in government: yes. AMLO's landslide. The FSP members MORENA (191) and PT (61) together won 252 of 500 — a bare majority in their own right; their 'Juntos Haremos Historia' coalition (308) added the PES, a socially conservative evangelical party that is NOT an FSP member. The PRD — the FSP's historic Mexican member and AMLO's former party — ran with the opposition 'Por México al Frente'. Seat figures are the INE's election allocation; the PES lost its registration soon after, and party-switching at the September 2018 seating lifted MORENA's bench to about 255 (IPU Parline's figure). (source 1, source 2, source 3)

2018 — Senado (128 seats; majority = 65)

FSP member parties in government: 61 of 128 (48%) — 4 seats short of the 65-seat majority. A working majority is assembled with non-FSP coalition partners. A further 8 FSP-listed seats sat with the opposition.

Government: Andrés Manuel López Obrador (MORENA) — commanded a working majority. FSP party in government: yes. The 'Juntos Haremos Historia' coalition won 69 of 128 Senate seats — a majority, but far from the two-thirds (86) needed for constitutional change. The FSP members MORENA (55) and PT (6) held 61 seats between them, short of a majority without the non-FSP PES; as in the Chamber, later party-switching lifted MORENA's bench (IPU Parline records 58). (source 1, source 2, source 3)

High court — Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN)

Seats

9

Appointment

As of the 2024 reform, justices are ELECTED by popular vote (previously: nominated by the President, confirmed by the Senate).

Appointed under FSP-party govts

3 of 4 sitting justices — a majority of the current bench. This is appointment provenance (who nominated each justice), not a claim about how they rule — justices serve independently.

Changes (FSP era)

Landmark change: the 2024 judicial reform (promulgated Sept 2024 under AMLO, championed by Sheinbaum) makes ALL judges — including the Supreme Court — elected by popular vote, cuts the SCJN from 11 to 9 justices, and shortens tenure from 15 to 12 years. The first judicial elections were held 1 June 2025 and a newly elected court was seated in Sept 2025. Critics (Mexican Bar, HRW, scholars) warn it undermines judicial independence; supporters say it democratises the judiciary.

How much remains

The pre-reform court was effectively replaced. An entirely new 9-justice court was elected on 1 June 2025 and seated 1 September 2025 (12-year terms), with Hugo Aguilar Ortiz as chief justice (2025–2027). Three former AMLO-appointed justices (Lenia Batres, Yasmín Esquivel, Loretta Ortiz) were re-elected. Turnout was about 13%, and the new court is widely assessed as aligned with the ruling Morena party.

Verified

yes — sourced

Court history (1990–present)

Structural changes to the court during the Foro de São Paulo era — size changes, court-packings, purges and reforms. packing/purge mark expansions and forced removals. Sources: source · source · source.

Bench control by appointing government

Sourced period bands: how much of the sitting high-court bench was appointed (or, where sources say so, effectively controlled) under FSP-member governments. Appointment provenance is not a claim about how judges rule — see each band's notes; documented interventions are in the court history above. Seat counts appear only where sources give them; years outside these bands are uncovered, not asserted.

Court composition — by appointing government

Each justice with the president (and party) who appointed them; rows marked FSP were appointed by a Foro de São Paulo member/affiliated president. "Background" notes prior political/professional roles where notable — justices are not formal party members.

Sources

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Mexican_judicial_reform
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Mexican_judicial_elections
3. https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/01/mexico-electoral-process-undermines-judicial-independence