Peru

Presidential succession (1990–present)

Rows highlighted FSP mark presidents from a Foro de São Paulo member/affiliated party.

Legislative composition

Seats by party for recent elections, and whether the governing coalition held a majority. In a fragmented system a governing majority is assembled across several parties — no party governs alone; a coalition majority is not a single-party majority. Each bar orders blocs left→right with a marker at the majority line.

FSP member parties (highlighted FSP): Partido Nacionalista Peruano (PNP), Perú Libre (PL). Peru has two documented FSP members. The Partido Nacionalista Peruano (Ollanta Humala) appears on Regalado's 2008 roster and led the Gana Perú alliance to power in 2011. Perú Libre (Vladimir Cerrón) joined the Forum as Perú Libertario at the XXIV Encuentro (Havana 2018) and announced its formal incorporation as a full member on 30 June 2020; the Forum publicly defended Cerrón against what it called political persecution in 2021. Perú Libre won the 2021 election with Pedro Castillo and, after the interim churn of 2025–26, provided the congressionally elected interim president José María Balcázar (Feb 2026).

2011 — Congreso de la República (130 seats; majority = 66)

FSP member parties together: 47 of 130 (36%) — 19 seats short of the 66-seat majority. The FSP party held the presidency but not a majority in this chamber.

Government: Ollanta Humala (PNP / Gana Perú) — lacked a majority. FSP party in government: yes. Gana Perú was the largest bloc (47/130) but well short of a 66-seat majority. Humala assembled a working majority with Alejandro Toledo's Perú Posible (21 seats); that partnership was fragile and the government's congressional support fluctuated over the term. (source 1, source 2)

2021 — Congreso de la República (130 seats; majority = 66)

FSP member parties together: 37 of 130 (28%) — 29 seats short of the 66-seat majority. The FSP party held the presidency but not a majority in this chamber.

Government: Pedro Castillo (Perú Libre) — lacked a majority. FSP party in government: yes. Perú Libre was the largest bloc (37/130) but even with its left ally Juntos por el Perú held barely a third of the chamber. Castillo faced two impeachment attempts before Congress removed him in December 2022 after he tried to dissolve it; his own caucus fragmented along the way. (source 1, source 2)

2026 — Senado (60 seats; majority = 31)

Government: — lacked a majority. FSP party in government: no. (source 1, source 2, source 3)

2026 — Cámara de Diputados (130 seats; majority = 66)

Government: — lacked a majority. FSP party in government: no. (source 1, source 2, source 3)

High court — Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República

Appointment

Judges selected by the Junta Nacional de Justicia.

Changes (FSP era)

Court history not yet compiled for this dossier (added for the timeline map; see issue #109).

How much remains

Verified

no — to verify against primary sources

Sources

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Peru
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollanta_Humala
3. https://oceansur.com/catalogo/titulos/encuentros-y-desencuentros-de-la-izquierda-latinoa
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jer%C3%AD
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Balc%C3%A1zar
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Peruvian_general_election
7. https://www.npr.org/2026/07/28/nx-s1-5910830/peru-president-keiko-fujimori-inaugurated
8. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/28/keiko-fujimori-sworn-in-as-peru-president
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Peruvian_general_election
10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Peru