A public doctrinal caution issued by the CDF/DDF about specific works or propositions of an author — less than a condemnation of the person. Leonardo Boff (1985) received a Notification followed by an imposed silence; Jon Sobrino (2006/07) a Notification without silencing; Gustavo Gutiérrez was scrutinized but never sanctioned. The differences matter: 'the Vatican condemned liberation theology' flattens three distinct outcomes.[1] [2]